Bitcoin at 15: the relentless resilience of peer-to-peer electronic cash

In 2008, an 8-page white paper outlined a new form of money. Today, we celebrate the 15th anniversary of Bitcoin.





On October 31, 2008, an anonymous entity named Satoshi Nakamoto published a white paper for a decentralized, “peer-to-peer electronic cash system.”





The Bitcoin white paper was a direct response to the systemic weaknesses laid bare in the 2008 financial crisis. With its fixed supply and decentralized nature, it proposed a radical alternative to the world’s government-issued money systems.





One million drachma, Greece, 1944





The problem: politicization of money





Government-issued money derives its value from the trust its holders have in the institutions that issue and manage it, like the central banks. 





These institutions benefit from having a good reputation for governance. But levels of trust citizens have in them vary ov ..

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