The maritime industry has entered into a new phase of its development since the introduction of information technology. The number of numerous developments in the field of industrial control systems has transformed the method through which harbors, ships, navigation systems, communication systems, and rigs operate and work. The introduction of new software system in ship design architecture has already opened new ways for the inclusion of novel and innovative technologies; enhanced the navigation and communication system and every day operations of ships and vessels within the maritime industry. The old mechanical systems in shipping industry have been replaced with a mixture of integrated hardware and software and electromechanical constructs which now cover the whole industry. Today, modern vessels and ships have become mobile offices, communication hubs and learning spaces. The ships with interconnected systems are manufactured with electronic control units (ECUs) which basically enable them to make, consume, supplement, and share information with maritime infrastructure like ports, harbors, semi submersibles and oil platforms and other ships. In this regard, with a majority of the world’s trade through sea lanes, it becomes inevitable for maritime industry to first understand the basic risks associated with maritime cyber domain and then offer solutions to defend and mitigate these cyber threats. The majority of maritime operations rely on such interconnected systems either directly or indirectly. These interconnected systems have exploitable vulnerabilities and the research shows that criminals from different backgrounds have shown the capability and motivation to use cyber-attacks at sea and in ports. However, there are incidents in which terrorists targeted maritime operations and have had the ability to undertake lethal seaborne operations through the use of cyber space. There are serious vulnerabilities of cyber threats to shipping since the criminals have understood the potential importance of cargo. Till today, the at ..
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