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Hundreds of deals are struck on the dark web every day: cybercriminals buy and sell data, provide illegal services to one another, hire other individuals to work as “employees” with their groups, and so on. Large sums of money are often on the table. To protect themselves from significant losses, cybercriminals use regulatory mechanisms, such as escrow services (aka middlemen, intermediaries, or guarantors), and arbitration. Escrow services control the fulfillment of agreements and reduce the risks of fraud in nearly every type of deal; arbiters act as a kind of court of law for cases where one of the parties of the deal tries to deceive the other(s). The administrators of the dark web sites, in turn, enforce arbiters’ decisions and apply penalties to punish cheaters. Most often, these measures consist in blocking, banning, or adding to “fraudster” lists available to any member of community.
Our research
We have studied publications on the dark web about deals involving escrow services for the period from January 2020 through December 2022. The sample includes messages from international forums and marketplaces on the dark web, as well as from publicly available Telegram channels used by cybercriminals. The total number of messages mentioning the use of an escrow agent in one way or another amounted to more than one million, of which almost 313,000 messages were published in 2022.
Dynamics of the number of messages on shadow sites mentioning escrow services in 2022. Source: Kaspersky Digital Footprint Intelligence ( business deals regulatory mechanisms
